Greenwald, A. G., Poehlman, T. A., Uhlmann, E. L., & Banaji, M. R. (2009). "Oh, no, never," the woman said. Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. This is how the IAT works: measuring tiny differences in the time it takes you to make judgments. c. young adults tend to prefer the same kinds of music. This best illustrates, Social loafing referes to the tendency for people to, Exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal. This statement best reflects the: Victoria is a fifth grader in Carson Elementary School. b. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Social psychology, Positive illusions, Self-serving bias and more. living in a nice neighborhood denotes ones place in the social hierarchya place reserved for ones in-group members). a. warrior scapegoat theory: the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. lowering the value of ones house; fewer openings in the school; etc.). Which of the following is true of violent male criminals? The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the . We identify o We compare Ingroup bias o Tendency to favor ones own group o. Within the realm of personality psychology, the false-consensus effect does not have significant effects.This is because the false-consensus effect relies heavily on the social environment and how a person interprets this environment. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in, An expectation that people will help those who depend on them is known as the, Two conflicting groups who share the same negative views of one another demonstrate. Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Table 12.2 The Collective Self-Esteem Scale. The tendency to ignore information about general principles in favor of very specific but vivid information. Nosotros _____ (ir) a la playa. In terms of basic social categories, the members of Nestor's cross-country ski club are the _____ and the members of the downhill ski club are the _____. Distinguish blatant biases from subtle biases. Betty and Tina are in the third grade. This example is an illustration of: If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertive and bold as "strong" when the words are associated with female faces rather than with male faces, this finding would illustrate: (c) How does the optimal expenditure on the xxx good vary with ppp ? Unfortunately, even when some countries have created legal protections, they thought that equality applied to only select groups. For example, by crediting the ingroup for its successes, while blaming external factors for its failures. After meeting Kim, who has a 4.0 GPA and volunteers 20 hours each week to help disabled children, Beth says "Well, Kim is an exception to the rule." 6. c. romantic love This finding is consistent with the theory that some countries, like the U.S., emphasize an individualistic self-concept. Intergroup bias. This means, potentially, that there is left-wing authoritarianism that promotes conventional progressive values and seeks to silence dissenting voices (Manson, 2020). C) a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. Studies have revealed diminished activity in the ________ of violent criminals. a. the bystander effect. Ethnocentrism is the term that denotes this kind of behavior. A confirmation bias is cognitive bias that favors information that confirms your previously existing beliefs or biases. Although this is unfair, sometimes the automatic associationsoften driven by societys stereotypestrump our own explicit values (Devine, 1989). Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor ones own in-group over anothers outgroup. a. desensitizing them to violent acts. d. physical attractiveness. Examined the impact of conformity with his famous Line Perception experiment. b. conformity d. aggression. b. hypothalamus (Mob Mentality), The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. ethnocentric. Membership. Logic suggests, then, that because we like ourselves, we also like the groups in which we are members. Since 1946, the average midterm loss for the president's party is 25 seats. b. the mere exposure effect. the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. This fact is consistent with the principle that ________ breeds prejudice. First, people are interested in understanding the intentions of others. b. physical attractiveness. Rumination refers to the tendency to repetitively think about the causes, situational factors, and consequences of one's negative emotional experience (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991). Liking yourself and the groups to which you belong is natural. HLT 1353. chapter_12_answers - CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. In the context of the motivational sources of prejudice, this scenario exemplifies ________. Developed Social Learning Theory, where children learn through watching AND imitating actions. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Dispositional (Internal) Attribution Theory. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. Pablo and Sabina's failure to resolve their argument for their mutual benefit illustrates a failure to develop. c. social facilitation. He is disheartened and feels frustrated but is unable to question his manager. Similarly, Ecuador guarantees the fundamental right to sexual orientation and gender identity. The tendency to favor one's own ethnic group over other groups is called. The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition. Misra, S., Le, P.T., Goldmann, E. & Yang, L.H. Social Sciences. The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. Altemeyer, B. Verify that U/p=x(p,m)\partial U^* / \partial p=-x^*(p, m)U/p=x(p,m). Understand subtle, unexamined biases that are automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent. . At its heart, SDO rests on a fundamental belief that the world is tough and competitive with only a limited number of resources. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) Expert Help. These groups could be formed by gender, race, ethnicity, or a favorite sports team. a. Attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, emotional responses such as a speaker's attractiveness. High rates of violence are most common among those who experience minimal levels of: B) self-serving bias. C) a loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. The groups are supporters of two rival political movements in Thailand and politically neutral subjects. hide 31 types. In individualistic cultures, what is NOT one of the four beliefs that parents have identified as necessary for adolescent autonomy? Bodenhausen, G. V., & Peery, D. (2009). ppp and mmm, and check their signs. Outgroup bias is the tendency to dislike or belittle members of groups that we don't identify with. a. The process of pursuing our full potential is what he called the actualizing tendency. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. The point is that SDOa preference for inequality as normal and naturalalso predicts endorsing the superiority of certain groups: men, native-born residents, heterosexuals, and believers in the dominant religion. Researchers suggested three possible reasons that why watching TV is negatively linked to children's achievement. c. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and low levels of testosterone. Measured cognitive dissonance by paying participants to $1 or $20 to lie about the enjoyment of a dull task. This might remind you of self-determination theory, with its focus on autonomy, relatedness, and competence. an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. A loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. Like the guard at night saying: Who goes there, friend or foe? If the other group has good, cooperative intentions, we view them as warm and often consider them part of our side. However, if the other group is cold, we often view them as a threat and treat them accordingly. Thus, those high inSDO see groups as battling each other for these resources, with winners at the top of the social hierarchy and losers at the bottom (see Table 1). Understandably, people from the first list of groups tends to score higher on SDO, while those from the second group tend to score lower. c. blood alcohol. nearness; the greater the exposure one has to another person, the more one generally comes to like that person. B) Having the belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group. Categories . 3. b. egocentrism.c. It turns out, however, that peoples reaction time on the IAT predicts actual feelings about out-group members, decisions about them, and behavior towardthem, especially nonverbal behavior (Greenwald, Poehlman, Uhlmann, & Banaji, 2009). These four kinds of stereotypes and their associated emotional prejudices (see Figure 2) occur all over the world and apply to each societys own groups. He believes in strict obedience to authority and is intolerant of weakness in others. C) a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. Groups give us a sense of social identity: a sense of belonging to the social world. credibility. (a) Find the demand functions, x(p,m)x^*(p, m)x(p,m) and y(p,m)y^*(p, m)y(p,m). For instance, Margaret might not be typical (or stereotypical) of an 80-year-old in that she regularly competes in organized half-marathons. own: [verb] to have or hold as property : possess. If someone is in our "ingroup," we are more likely to trust them. Sons are more valued than daughters. PPP and ( 1 at p)p)p). This belief best illustrates: While visiting the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp shortly after World War II, one German civilian is said to have remarked, "What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment." Today, there is a greater appreciation of the fact that not all biases are overt hostility based on a personal animosity toward members of a group. Such a reaction will be ambiguous to both parties and difficult to interpret. CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. d. neural influences contribute to aggressive behavior in men but not in women. Psychological impact of anti-Asian stigma due to COVID-19 pandemic: A call for research, practice, and policy responses. The tendency to favor an idea, person, or thing over another is known as Multiple Choice rebuttal. Beth believes that all sorority members are unintelligent and self-centered. c. the social-responsibility norm. Male 3: I don't want you looking over my shoulder all the time. It's awful what the human race can do, even with the way we . Social categorization and stereotyping in vivo: The VUCA challenge. If people do not want to invite Margaret on vacation because they fear that she will move too slowly (a common view of older people) then they are discriminating against her. tendency: 1 n an inclination to do something Synonyms: leaning , propensity Type of: inclination that toward which you are inclined to feel a liking n an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others "a tendency to be too strict" Synonyms: disposition , inclination Types: show 31 types. a. Chinese people tend to look pretty much alike. which people belonged to were an important source of pride and self-esteem. The result is seeing people who live in subsidized housing, or who like comic books, or who are religious, or who have autism as one homogenous group with little variation. Specifically, people see members of an outgroup as more similar to one another in personality than they actually are. A., & Mellott, D. S. (2002). Hanna is a supervisor in the production unit of a textile company. These types of stereotypes were overt, unapologetic, and expected to be shared by otherswhat we now call blatant biases. They were generalizations about a group, since most of the college students did not interact with people from Turkey. Instead, it measures how quickly people make judgments about the goodness or badness of various groups. Most people have a positive view of themselves. A) Having a limited, narrow, or self-centered perspective. How is it that entire groups of people were left out of political participation, justice, and freedom? Draw a circle graph with this information. (Ask a partner what he or she orders in a restaurant in the following situations.). The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. What is faithful representation, and why is it important. We group household objects together as furniture, certain domestic animals as pets, and certain books as classics. Categories are helpful because they provide a mental roadmap for how to interact in novel situations.
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