The 17 year-old Prince Henry became King Henry VIII and started a different era. [citation needed] Nonetheless, by 1483 Henry was the senior male Lancastrian claimant remaining after the deaths in battle, by murder or execution of Henry VI (son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois), his son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, and the other Beaufort line of descent through Lady Margaret's uncle, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. Their main aim was money. This battle saw the end of the Wars of the Roses which had brought instability to England. Henry was building a myth, the idea that he and his family were the true royal blood of England. [51], Henry VII was one of the first European monarchs to recognise the importance of the newly united Spanish kingdom; he concluded the Treaty of Medina del Campo, by which his son Arthur, Prince of Wales, was married to Catherine of Aragon. King Henry the VII and King Henry the VIII both feared being invaded by foreign countries. BBC - History - Henry VIII: Majesty with Menace It took Henry, who in any case needed to marry her if the expected issue was to solve the succession problem, some six years to achieve their joint purpose. Though outnumbered, Henry's Lancastrian forces decisively defeated Richard's Yorkist army at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. Its inhabitant was once one of England's most exuberant kings, yet his resting place was only re-discovered in 1813. His early reign was plagued by pretenders to the throne, giving the new Tudor dynasty a rocky start and a fear of conspiracy which dogged Henry VII throughout his life. He passed laws against "livery" (the upper classes' flaunting of their adherents by giving them badges and emblems) and "maintenance" (the keeping of too many male "servants"). Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? Watch for $0.00 with Prime. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. Reading this, I got a much better understanding of where Henry VIII came from, and why he was destined to be the colorful ruler he became, as an antidote to his own father. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Philip had been shipwrecked on the English coast, and while Henry's guest, was bullied into an agreement so favourable to England at the expense of the Netherlands that it was dubbed the Malus Intercursus ("evil agreement"). The Great Debasement (1544-1551) was a currency debasement policy introduced in 1544 England under the order of Henry VIII which saw the amount of precious metal in gold and silver coins reduced and in some cases replaced entirely with cheaper base metals such as copper. Henry was devastated. Martin Luther 95 thesis. Even if the king outfaced his enemies in his lifetime, would they not forestall a Tudor succession? [81], Henry VII and Elizabeth had seven children:[b]. England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, violence, murders, coups and countercoups. Henry VII was born in Pembroke Castle , Wales, on January 28 th, 1457. 4. ||Wordpress installation and design by http://www.MadeGlobal.com, FREE Anne Boleyn Henry VIII had become heir to the throne when his elder brother, Arthur, died in 1502. Elizabeth did get pregnant, but then went into premature labour. Amateur historians Bertram Fields and Sir Clements Markham have claimed that he may have been involved in the murder of the Princes in the Tower, as the repeal of Titulus Regius gave the Princes a stronger claim to the throne than his own. Philip died shortly after the negotiations. Henry VIII and the Break with Rome Timeline - History [47], Henry VII's policy was to maintain peace and to create economic prosperity. He had a populist touch and his reign started with pardons, reforms and justice. Read all Directors Giulia Clark Stuart Elliott Writers [50] Henry had pressured the French by laying siege to Boulogne in October 1492. Until the death of his wife, the evidence is clear from these accounting books that Henry was a more doting father and husband than was widely known and there is evidence that his outwardly austere personality belied a devotion to his family. Most often asked questions related to bitcoin. Thomas Mores coronation poem for Henry VIII contrasted the new Kings reign with the dark days of the past. [41] Henry also increased wealth by acquiring land through the act of resumption of 1486 which had been delayed as he focused on defence of the Church, his person and his realm. 1) The number of books on Henry VII can basically be counted on one hand 2) This is Penns first book. [19] He marched toward England accompanied by his uncle Jasper and John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. Luther made a protest against the Catholic practice of Indulgences. One of their sons was Edmund, Henry's father. It is not known precisely where Cabot landed, but he was eventually rewarded with a pension from the king; it is presumed that Cabot perished at sea after a later unsuccessful expedition. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. He was, said Penn, a man who never knew a moments peace during his reign. Poor Henry VII. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. He led attempted invasions of Ireland in 1491 and England in 1495, and persuaded James IV of Scotland to invade England in 1496. Henry gained the support of the Woodvilles, in-laws of the late Edward IV, and sailed with a small French and Scottish force, landing at Mill Bay near Dale, Pembrokeshire. He became paranoid and made the decision that if his people couldnt love him then they should fear him. When Henry VII became king, the royal exchequer was effectively bankrupt. The expressive and evocative power of his writing, and the union of scholarship with artistry, are rare in modern historical writing. [65] Henry VII was shattered by the loss of Elizabeth, and her death impacted him severely. 1845. Edward would have liked to rid himself of Henry, a rival to his throne, but Francis kept Henry safe. To be notified of special offers, news, new courses, and new tutors, please subscribe to our newsletter. [68] In 1505 he was sufficiently interested in a potential marriage to Joanna of Naples that he sent ambassadors to Naples to report on the 27-year-old Joanna's physical suitability. Henry VII declared himself king by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, after slaying Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. What are the differences between Henry VII and Henry VIII? Henry VII shut himself away in Richmond Palace from January 1509 and at 11pm on Saturday 21st April 1509 he died. But now, sensitivity readers are pushing back . It is a sobering reflection for professional historians that the apparently unpromising territory of Henry's reign has recently produced two memorable books, both of them written outside their ranks: this one, and Ann Wroe's biography of the pretender, Perkin (2003), a longer work on a shorter subject. Unfortunately, since all I really wanted to know about was learning about Henry the 7th and his family as people - the things that happened to them, what kind of people they were, etc. If he trusted anyone, it would be his queen and why not, since both had so much in common both being familiar with being in sanctuary, and pawns in the game of power? After Edward retook the throne in 1471, Henry Tudor spent 14 years in exile in Brittany. He had unified the kingdom, accrued immense wealth and created the most notorious dynasty in English history: the Tudors. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. Pembroke Castle, and later the Earldom of Pembroke, were granted to the Yorkist William Herbert, who also assumed the guardianship of Margaret Beaufort and the young Henry. To say the least, Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England is quite an interesting read. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. The marriage between Arthur, Prince of Wales, and Catherine of Aragon would be the culmination of everything that Henry VII had fought for at the Battle of Bosworth, so in 1501 there was a fortnight of marriage celebrations and London was in a carnival mood. [64] This made Henry VII's second son, Henry, Duke of York, heir apparent to the throne. I was disappointed by this it was decent but I think it was somewhat overhyped. He likens the beginning of Henry VIII's reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. Henry himself was clearly a distant figure who governed through his ministers, but this means that it's quite hard to get much of a sense of his character from the few sources available. Henry, son of Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond, and Margaret Beaufort, was born nearly three months after his fathers death. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. [59][60][61], He was content to allow the nobles their regional influence if they were loyal to him. If you are new the era, this wouldn't the first book I would pick up because it does flip flop around a bit in the beginning-but if you want to understand the players that ultimately have a significant impact on Henry VIII, this is the book for you. Early life Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England - Goodreads [72] Immediately afterwards, Henry became very sick and nearly died himself, allowing only his mother Margaret Beaufort near him: "privily departed to a solitary place, and would that no man should resort unto him. [citation needed], By 1509, justices of the peace were key enforcers of law and order for Henry VII. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor.[a]. Why is this ambitious? Accordingly, he arranged a papal dispensation from Pope Julius II for Prince Henry to marry his brother's widow Catherine, a relationship that would have otherwise precluded marriage in the Church. ), The Reign of Henry VII. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. Thomas Penn's Winter King is not really a biography of Henry VII, and more a study of what he was directing his government to do in his name. He had finished his palace of Richmond, he was controlling his allies and keeping an eye on his enemies, and now was the time to finalise the marriage agreement between England and Spain. Henry VII: Winter King, BBC Two, review - The Telegraph Elizabeth married Henry after his victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field, which marked the end of the Wars of the Roses. For many he remained a usurper, a false king. He created the Tudor dynasty. Though this was not achieved during his reign, the marriage eventually led to the union of the English and Scottish crowns under Margaret's great-grandson, James VI and I, following the death of Henry's granddaughter Elizabeth I. They were unpaid, which, in comparison with modern standards, meant a smaller tax bill for law enforcement. Henry decided to keep Brittany out of French hands, signed an alliance with Spain to that end, and sent 6,000 troops to France. His supportive policy toward England's wool industry and his standoff with the Low Countries had long-lasting benefit to the English economy. Henry VII - History Learning Site Loyalty was ensured, and the nobility was effectively neuteredand Henry became the richest monarch in Europe.